jueves, 25 de junio de 2015

«Pagare noi i privilegi dei greci? Assurdo»


L’eurodeputato spagnolo Bidegain spiega perché la solidarietà in Europa è così difficile.

«Noi spagnoli abbiamo dato 26 mila milioni di euro, per aiutare la Grecia nei momenti più drammatici della sua crisi. Ma non lo abbiamo certo fatto perché poi cercasse di regalare ai suoi cittadini dei privilegi che nessuno spagnolo, e nessun cittadino dell’eurozona, ha mai avuto».

Pablo Zalba Bidegain, 40 anni, eurodeputato del Partito popolare europeo e vicepresidente della commissione Affari economici e monetari dell’Europarlamento, è considerato il portavoce della generazione più giovane dei politici spagnoli. Quelli, appunto, che insieme con i colleghi portoghesi, o irlandesi, oggi guardano con una certa perplessità agrodolce al piano greco e a certe temute arrendevolezze dell’Europa.

Vi sembra che la Grecia sia stata trattata troppo bene, rispetto alle condizioni che hanno dovuto affrontare in questi anni i vostri Paesi?

«Mettiamola così: in generale, per avere solidarietà dagli altri, devi anche tu essere solidale con loro. Bene, la Grecia ha chiesto e chiede la solidarietà dell’eurozona. Ma se poi cerca di avere più vantaggi e privilegi per i suoi cittadini, rispetto a quelli di tutti gli altri Paesi, è lei a non mostrarsi solidale». Ed è così che è andata? «Tsipras ha fatto troppa politica, in un momento così critico e su temi così drammatici». Qualche esempio? «Eccone subito uno, il più clamoroso. In media, nell’Ue viene assorbito dalle pensioni il 13% del Pil. In Grecia, la percentuale è invece del 17,5%. Ciò significa una sola cosa: che è logico, e basico, intervenire con una riforma per ridurre questo peso». Come? «Riducendo il numero dei prepensionamenti, e aumentando l’età media dell’andata in pensione. Lei immagini che una regione italiana dichiari di colpo: da noi si va in pensione a 58, 60 anni, e non a 67. Tutti direbbero: è pazzesco. Anche perché una decisione così è di competenza statale, non regionale. Eppure proprio questo, fatte le debite proporzioni, è avvenuto in Grecia rispetto al resto della Ue».

Un errore soltanto economico?

«Anche politico, naturalmente. E morale. Perché qui torniamo al tema della solidarietà: l’eurozona è e sarà solidale al suo interno se le norme dei singoli Paesi saranno armonizzate fra loro. Questa è la condizione prima. E perché questo accada, perché anche la Grecia abbia la solidarietà degli altri, bisogna per esempio che l’età del pensionamento dei suoi cittadini sia in linea con quella degli altri Stati. C’è un’altra cosa che non mi piace…». Quale? «Che Tsipras non può far pensare al suo popolo che l’Eurozona, e la Ue, siano un male. Perché questo è falso».

L’accordo sembrava alle porte, ora non più. Come andrà a finire?

«Sono ottimista. Il governo greco ha cominciato a capireche stare nel club dell’euro ha i suoi vantaggi, ma anche le sue norme e le sue condizioni. In spagnolo diciamo: “nuncas tarde se la dicha es buena”. E cioè: “meglio tardi che mai”».

Qualcuno dice ora che, dopo la Grecia, potrebbe essere la Spagna a tornare in una zona di rischio.

«La Spagna ha un governo, quello di Mariano Rajoy, che ha capito la necessità delle riforme. Oggi è alla testa della crescita, e della creazione di nuovi posti di lavoro. Ci sono molte più speranze rispetto a 5 anni fa. La Grecia ha invece perduto molto tempo. E poi non aveva capito la cosa più importante». E cioè? «Che il suo vero problema non è il debito pubblico. Ma la crescita, spinta dalle riforme. La ristrutturazione del debito è una battaglia persa. Syriza, Tsipras, avrebbero dovuto cercare fondi, aiuti, risorse, per la crescita. E Katainen (commissario europeo al lavoro, crescita, investimenti e competitività, ndr) era disposto ad aiutare la crescita della Grecia per attutire l’impatto di certe riforme». Accadrà ora? «Speriamo. La verità è che la Grecia ha avuto un governo irresponsabile che non capiva le sue priorità. Ora spero che abbia capito e continui a comprenderlo anche nei prossimi mesi. Questa volta, il riscatto è obbligato».

Tsipras non ha capito che il vero problema non è il debito ma la crescita spinta dalle riforme. La ristrutturazione del debito è una battaglia persa.

martes, 16 de junio de 2015

Movers and Shakers


https://www.theparliamentmagazine.eu/articles/news/movers-and-shakers-15-june-2015


Keep track of movements in the European institutions and public affairs with our movers and shakers column.

European Parliament:

Members of Committees, Subcommittees and Delegations:
Pablo Zalba Bidegain (EPP, Spain) switched from substitute to member of the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly (D-LAT).
Brian Crowley (ECR, Ireland) joined the Committee on Legal Affairs (JURI).
Diane James (EFDD, UK) joined the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON).
Patrick O'Flynn (EFDD, UK) switched from member to substitute of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON).
Substitutes of Committees, Subcommittees and Delegations:
Tom Vandenkendelaere (EPP, Belgium) switched from member to substitute of the Delegation to the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly (D-LAT).
Bolesław G. Piecha (ECR, Poland) joined the Delegation to the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly (D-ACP).
Political parties:
Ex MEP Zita Gurmai (Hungary) re-elected as President of the European Socialists women's' organisation (PES Women).


European Commission:
Cabinets:
Pierre Moscovici's team: Lucie Mattera joined as a member, replacing Malgorzata Iskra.
Directorates-General:
Translation (DGT) - Directorate S: Klaudia Zagorowicz is the new Customer Relations adviser.


Council of the European Union:
General Secretariat:
Christine Roger appointed as Director-General for Justice and Home Affairs, replacing Rafael Fernandez. She will take up her new position as of 1 July.


European Central Bank:
Directorates-General:
International and European Relations: Lucas Ter Braak became the new Head of EU Institutions and Fora Division Unit, replacingJohannes Lindner.
Secretariat:
Stuart ORR became the new Head of Information Management Services Division Unit, replacing Emily Witt.
Public Affairs:
American Chamber of Commerce to the European Union (AmCham EU): Melanie Faithfull Kent, Chief Operating Officer of Hill+Knowlton Strategies, appointed as the Chair of the Communications and Marketing Group and the newest member of the AmCham EU Board.
Solidar: Francisca Sauquillo has been elected as President and MEP Knut Fleckenstein (S&D, Germany) as Vice-President.
International Federation of Industrial Energy Consumers (IFIEC Europe): Annette Loske elected as the new President, succeedingFernand Felzinger who will continue as Vice-President to chair IFIEC Europe's Management Committee. Alessandro Profili elected as Deputy President, succeeding Peter Claes.

News in a nutshell:
Member states:
Poland: The Minister for Health Bartosz Arłukowicz, the Minister for Treasury Włodzimierz Karpiński and the Minister for SportsAndrzej Biernat, Civil Platform party (EPP) resigned amid leaked tapes. The parliamentary Speaker, Radek Sikorski and three Deputy Ministers resigned as well.
Denmark: Danish people head to the polls on Thursday 18 June, after Danish Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt, Social Democrats (S&D) called a snap election in May.
Romania: The Romanian MPs voted against lifting the immunity of the Prime Minister Victor Ponta, Social Democratic Party (S&D), who is facing corruption allegations. President Klaus Iohannis urged him to resign, but Ponta refused and passed a vote of confidence on Friday 12 June. On Tuesday 11 June the Minister for Transport Ioan Rus, Social Democratic Party (S&D) resigned.
United Kingdom: British MPs backed the plans for the EU referendum during the first debate and voted by 544 to 53 in favour of the bill, which now moves to the next stage of its process.
Applicant states:
Turkey: The ruling Justice and Development party (AKP) (AECR) lost its parliamentary majority and has now 45 days to form a coalition government. The pro-Kurdish People's Democratic Party (HDP) crossed the 10 per cent threshold and secured seats in the parliament for first time. If no coalition deal is reached, a fragile minority government and early elections seem likely to follow. Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu resigned on Tuesday 9 June, but will remain in his post until a new government is formed.
Correction:
Finland: The European affiliation of the Centre Party is ALDE Group and not ECR. 

jueves, 14 de mayo de 2015

Federalism, Closer Every Day





Back in the late fifties, a few European States joined forces forming the EEC (European Economic Community). Throughout the last decades, many other countries have joined this highly attractive club due to the innumerable advantages that creating a common European culture ought to bring. Being able to enjoy freedoms in the areas of trading, transport and cultural exchange is a reality that was an unthinkable luxury not so long ago.

Some of the biggest advances towards a European complete unification were made thanks politics that had convenience in mind. For instance, it is thanks to the Schengen Agreement that us Europeans have been able to seamlessly travel across any EU member’s frontiers for three decades now. This facilitates free trade and transit of people by an unconceivable amount. On top of that, the creation of the common currency, the Euro, crowns the project of a common European market. Currency exchange was confined to the pages of history.

It must be pointed out that the European alliance is not only a matter of comfort and convenience: it is also very clearly a necessity. Being unified in a European Federation (the United States of Europe, if you will) would bring a new chance of confronting the future world powers. It is a known fact that Asia will basically rule the markets in a few decades, that’s why it is decisive to act collectively in order to avoid economic incompetence. A European Federation would be the home of more than 450 million citizens, more than the USA and Russia combined. On top of that, it would produce 25% of the world’s wealth and therefore could get to be considered a heavyweight in world trade and economic influence. It seems like a perfect plan, doesn’t it?

The list goes on. There are many issues that cannot be fought efficiently by each country individually, but that can be actively eliminated under a joint venture of powers. For instance, energetic dependence is one of the biggest problems our nations are facing. We simply cannot afford to depend on foreign unstable States for such important concern. Also, it must be pointed out that Islamic terrorism currently supposes a considerable threat to our freedoms and liberties. An imminent reaction is required, and the most powerful it is, the better. Finally, immigration: an issue that not only concerns the southernmost States but also Europe as a whole. These are only a few of the obstacles that an alliance of States could help eradicate. If union makes strength, then federalism makes invincibility.

As the Spanish Secretary of State for the European Union, Íñigo Méndez de Vigo recently stated on a visit to the University of Navarra, during the harsh years of recession the EU members have given up some of their sovereignty in exchange for stability. By yielding power to Brussels, it is true that governments lose some of their power. However, central supervision has proven to be quite positive in terms of security and therefore it has been proven that the upper European government can handle major issues such as economic policy. The next predictable evolution will be a unification of the members’ fiscal policies in order to simplify legal issues by a great amount.

The final step towards definitive federal centralization is still a long time away. There are countless sharp edges that need being taken care of, especially in the social and cultural side. However, we will most likely see a time in history when the citizens of the European Union decide to face the rest of the world together as a team, forgetting about our differences and focusing on competence and prosperity. How does that sound?


martes, 7 de abril de 2015

Broad treaty could establish new global trading norms




The European Union has been determined to achieve a level playing field in economic relations with each of its trading partners. Given China's growing importance on the international scene, European companies' trade with and investments in China has risen exponentially over the years, especially since China's entry into the World Trade Organization in 2001.

Since 2013, China has been the world's largest trading nation and the second-biggest consumer nation in the world. It is now the EU's second-largest trading partner (after the United States), while the EU is China's biggest trading partner. Under the leadership of Xi Jinping, China is striving to modernize its economy by liberalizing government-controlled areas - the upcoming liberalization of interest rates, authorization for private banks to be owned entirely by private investors and the contribution of Internet financial services to free up the financial market are just some examples.

Still, investment flows show untapped potential. Although bilateral trade in 2012 accounted for almost 1 billion euros ($1.1 billion) a day, Chinese investments into the EU represented only 2.6 percent of total FDI flows into the EU.

The recent settlements to disputes between the EU and China in the solar panel and wine industries show a willingness on both sides to strengthen relations. The wine industry agreement includes a pledge by the European wine industry to help China develop its domestic wine production and helping the nation better understand the EU wine market. In return, China will organize tastings of European wine in China.

Twenty-six EU member states have already signed individual bilateral investment treaties with the world's second-biggest economy in an aim to lower protectionist measures that often prevent European companies from fairly competing in the Chinese market. Since the 2009 Treaty of Lisbon granted the EU the exclusive rights to negotiate new investment treaties, the union has had the opportunity to negotiate an overarching agreement that would replace the 26 existing BITs. The idea of such an agreement emerged in 2010 and China and the EU wrapped up their fourth round of negotiations in January.

Over the past few years, China has adopted a different economic strategy worldwide, shifting from "ordinary" pacts that focus on trade in goods - primarily with Asian countries - to deals involving investment and trade in services. Both the BIT with the EU and the proposed talks on a Free Trade Area for the Asia-Pacific are signals of this change, likely triggered by two key trade agreements involving the US that will introduce new norms to the global economy: the Trans-Pacific Partnership and The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership.

In a globalized environment where a growing number of international challenges are addressed with "soft" instruments, such as decrees or joint plans of action, it is up to mega/multi-regional trade and investment agreements to establish global standards for the future.

China is ready to take on high-quality commitments and shake off its "non-market economy" status, although considerable concern remains over China's compliance with its WTO obligations and international trade rules generally. After the fourth round of BIT negotiations, European Commissioner Cecilia Malmstrom called for China to ensure that a pair of closely watched negotiations - expansion of the WTO's Information Technology Agreement and Environmental Goods Agreement - are brought to fruition within the WTO framework.

The EU is going to pursue an ambitious BIT that not only involves a high level of investment protection, but also market access, removals of transfer of technology requirements and a more transparent and predictable market. This treaty can serve both parties as a crucial stepping stone toward better economic and cultural understanding and hopefully further more agreements.

MORE NEWS:

miércoles, 25 de marzo de 2015

Winners



Pablo Zalba Bidegain is a vice-chair of parliament's economic and monetary affairs committee and a vice-president of SME Europe. His nomination recognises his work as rapporteur across a range of economic issues.